Theming bonuses occur when certain buildings have certain Great Works stored in them. You will have to trade Great Works with other Civs (you can trade Great Works of the same type [Writing, Art, and Artifact, but not Music). Hovering over the building in question will explain what is required for the bonuses.
They are listed at http://civilization.wikia.com/wiki/Theming_bonus_(Civ5) :
Great Library – 2 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Writing from different civilizations and different eras.
Sistine Chapel – 2 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Art from the same civilization and the same era.
Globe Theatre – 2 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Writing from the same civilization and the same era.
Uffizi – 3 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Art from the same civilization and the same era.
Louvre – 4 – Fill the slots with 2 Great Works of Art and 2 Artifacts from different civilizations and different eras.
Broadway – 3 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Music from the same civilization and the same era.
Sydney Opera House – 2 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Music from the same civilization and different eras.
Oxford University – 2 Fill the slots with Great Works of Writing from other civilizations and different eras.
Hermitage – 3 – Fill the slots with Great Works of Art from different civilizations and different eras.
Museum – 1 or 2 – Fill the slots for Great Works of Art with the same type (you can also fill the slots with Artifacts), same civilization and same era. If you only fulfill 2 requirements, it provides +1 theming bonus.
Original Link – Continuation of discussion
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